TL;DR
Scientific risk-taking is unequally distributed: researchers in wealthy countries can afford to fail, while those in the Global South often cannot. This imbalance limits innovation where the world’s toughest challenges — antimicrobial resistance, food security, climate resilience — are most acute.
Drawing on my own experience from underfunded microbiology projects in Nigeria to building a phage research center through creative means, I argue that true global progress demands a dual system of mentorship and flexible funding that empowers scientists in low-resource settings to pursue bold, uncertain ideas.
I propose a High-Risk, High-Reward (HRHR) Fellowship for graduate students — an initiative pairing emerging researchers in developing regions with international mentors and small, failure-tolerant grants . This model would foster intellectual courage, build confidence, and seed transformative discoveries at minimal cost.
If you’re interested in co-developing or supporting this initiative, please reach out: eennadi@plasu.edu.ng.
Enabling scientists everywhere to take risks and fail safely isn’t charity — it’s how we secure the next generation of breakthroughs.
Introduction
In global science, risk and reward are unevenly distributed. Researchers in high-income countries enjoy access to grants, mentorship, and infrastructure that allow them to pursue bold, uncertain questions — the kind of work that changes paradigms. Meanwhile, in much of the Global South, even the most capable scientists spend their careers solving “safe” problems with predictable outcomes. Changing research pathways to follow the money. Not because they lack imagination, but because failure is unaffordable.
Yet the next generation of transformative discoveries, new antimicrobials, climate-resilient crops, and pathogen surveillance tools, may well come from places where scientific ecosystems are weakest, but the needs are greatest.
If we want truly global progress, we must fund and mentor high-risk, high-reward (HRHR) research in resource-constrained settings.
Why Mentorship and Funding Matter
HRHR research thrives where ideas can be tested freely, even when success is uncertain. It rewards intellectual courage and originality — qualities often suppressed by survival-oriented academic systems.
In countries like Nigeria, mentorship is often informal, fragmented, or absent altogether. Young scientists rarely have access to role models who’ve navigated high-risk research successfully. Without mentorship, even small grants can fail to achieve their potential; without funding, mentorship alone cannot create opportunity.
To unlock global scientific potential, funding and mentorship must operate as a dual system — one providing the means, the other providing the wisdom and safety net to take creative risks.
Tracing My Journey Through the Limits of Possibility
I trained in Nigeria. My first degree was in Applied Microbiology at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Like many undergraduates, my final-year research project was shaped by what was feasible with almost no funding. I worked on starch degradation by Bacillus subtilis — a simple, low-cost study done mainly to meet graduation requirements. At that stage, research was about survival, not curiosity.
During my MSc in Medical Microbiology, I began to ask deeper scientific questions. I wanted to understand what drives fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans, but we lacked both the infrastructure and funding to test such hypotheses. In search of collaboration, I reached out on ResearchGate and connected with Prof. Orazio Romeo at the University of Messina, Italy. That partnership led us to report the first occurrence of Candida africana in Nigeria — a discovery that showed me how global collaboration can overcome local barriers. This became the first report of scientists finally catching on to Social Media
Around the same period, my team documented what appeared to be a case of a plant-associated fungus causing the death of a neonate, a likely early example of cross-kingdom infection. Unfortunately, we lacked the funding and institutional backing to investigate further. Yet with climate change accelerating pathogen host shifts, such phenomena will become increasingly important to understand. This experience reinforced for me how fragile scientific progress can be when infrastructure is absent.
The Long Arc of Learning
My PhD work focused on the ecology and diversity of Cryptococcus neoformans in Plateau State. It was during this project that I performed my first PCR — thanks to a visit to Prof. Joe Heitman’s lab at Duke University. Returning to Nigeria as a faculty member at Plateau State University, I began to rethink my questions around climate-driven fungal adaptation. Interestingly, I haven’t performed a PCR since I returned to Nigeria, even as a faculty member. Eventually, I pivoted to plant pathogens, as these were more tractable within our limited research environment.
Even with constraints, each stage of my research broke new ground:
My MSc reported the first occurrence of Candida africana in Nigeria.
My Phytophthora work genotyped the 33_A2 lineage for the first time in the country.
My PhD produced the first Cryptococcus genome sequence from Nigeria.
Pivoting Toward Feasible Impact
By 2022, I had made another pivot, this time into phage research, seeking a field where progress could be achieved with fewer resources but still deliver real-world impact. With initial support from Emergent Ventures, I established the Centre for Phage Biology and Therapeutics LTD/GTE. Using creative methods like online auctions, we equipped our lab with the essentials for phage work. We are now developing phage therapies targeting antimicrobial-resistant infections in aquaculture and clinical settings. However, consumables remain a major bottleneck. Despite this, most funders do not think we are innovative enough.
Some of the research we love to pursue is to use AI to design vaccine epitopes to express on phages hoping to meet the 100 days vaccine development target.
Despite this, the experience has been transformative. It shows that with modest support, even researchers in constrained environments can build capacity, train students, and contribute meaningfully to global science.
My experience has actually been the type that tries to follow existing funding pathways.
The Case for a Mentored HRHR Model
To build a self-sustaining HRHR culture in low-resource settings, we need to rethink how funding and mentorship interact.
A viable model could include:
Seed Grants for Risky Ideas: small, flexible funds ($10k–$50k) to test unproven hypotheses.
Structured Mentorship Networks: Pairing local researchers with experienced global scientists who have successfully navigated high-risk projects.
Failure-Tolerant Evaluation Systems: Recognizing learning outcomes and methodology gains, not just “positive results.”
Community Building: Linking HRHR fellows into a network that shares both success and failure openly.
A Modest Proposal
I imagine a High-Risk, High-Reward (HRHR) Fellowship for Graduate Students — an EA-aligned initiative designed to identify exceptional young scientists in resource-limited settings and pair them with international mentors and flexible, outcome-tolerant funding.
As the Director of Research at Plateau State University, Bokkos, I am particularly interested in establishing such a program to provide both financial support and structured mentorship to graduate students. The goal is simple but profound: to give emerging researchers the freedom to think boldly, take intellectual risks, and pursue transformative ideas even when success is uncertain.
If you are interested in collaborating to co-develop a proposal or explore potential funding partnerships, I would be delighted to discuss this further. You can reach me at eennadi@plasu.edu.ng.
This type of fellowship could catalyze breakthroughs at a fraction of the cost of conventional grant systems, while building lasting capacity, confidence, and scientific autonomy in regions most affected by global health, agricultural, and climate challenges.
Closing Thought
Allowing scientists in low-resource environments to think freely, take risks, and fail safely is not a luxury; it’s a strategic investment in humanity’s collective problem-solving capacity.
Funding creates opportunity; mentorship creates resilience. Together, they make it possible for science — everywhere — to think dangerously, act boldly, and change the world.