There's the CFAR workshop, but it's just a 4 day program. (Though it would take longer to read all of Yudkowsky's writing.)
I'm no expert, but in some plausible reading, US Military training is primarily about cultivating obedience and conformity. Of course some degree of physical conditioning is genuinely beneficial, but when's the last time a Navy Seal got into a fist fight?
For most of the EA work that needs to get done (at the moment), having an army of replaceable, high-discipline, drones is not actually that useful. A lot of the movement hinges on a relatively small number of people acting with integrity, and thinking creatively.
Instead of intense training processes, EA at the moment relies on a really intense selection process. So the people who end up working in EA orgs have mostly already taught themselves the requisite discipline, work ethic and so on.
I think this will vary a lot depending on what kind of work you're aiming to do, but I could imagine a training programme for e.g. promising young grantmakers being very helpful
Charity Entrepreneurship tries to do this for entrepreneurs
Adding to that, Lucia Coulter of the Lead Exposure Elimination Project had high praise for Charity Entrepreneurship when I interviewed her:
(emphasis mine; source)
Good point re: Charity Entrepreneurship.
I'm somewhat more skeptical of the grantmaking thing though because there are few enough positions that it is not very legible who is good at it, whether others currently outside the field could do better, etc.
I could be wrong -- I can point to specific things from some grantmakers that I thought were particularly good, for instance -- but it doesn't feel to me that it's the most amenable field for such a program.
(Note that this is low-confidence and I could be wrong -- if there are more objective grantmaking skill metrics somewhere I'd be very interested to see more!)
Some trainable things I think would help with grantmaking:
-knowledge of the field you're making grants in
-making a simple model to predict the expected value of a grant (looking for a theory of change, forecasting the probability of different steps, identifying the range of possible outcomes)
-best practices for identifying early signs a grant won't be worth funding, to save time, without being super biased against people you don't know or from a different background to you who eventually could do good work
-giving quality feedback to successful and unsuccessful applicants
-engaging with donors (writing up summaries of why you gave different grants, talking to people who are considering donating through your fund)
-evaluating your grants to learn how closely what really happened matched your model
It doesn't seem to me obviously less trainable then being a Navy seal