| | Regulation status: restrictive or innovative? | Type of policy lever emphasized as part of ‘AI triad’ | Type of governance: Case, model, organization and area of focus | What actors: subnational/ supranational |
| Bangladesh | Restrictive No regulation ratified | Data-driven policy making | Case governance Weaponry agriculture, medical science, space exploration, climate change mitigation, and job creation and against weaponry | Supranational April 2024 latest international conference Ministries, Academia, Private industries |
| Bhutan | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Brunei | Innovative from ASEAN guidelines No regulation ratified | Data-driven Digital Economy Masterplan 2025 | Case governance institutional reforms and economic prosperity. A crucial aspiration is leveraging technology and innovation, enabling a productive business environment. | Intraregional ASEAN |
| Cambodia | Innovative ASEAN guidelines but no regulation ratified | | Organizational and model | Intraregional ASEAN |
| China | Innovative ASEAN and BRICS Regulation of specific applications of AI | Data and algorithm | Organizational, model and case (deep synthesis, technology, generative AI) | Both national (top-down, governmental approach) and intraregional |
| India | Innovative mainly but also restrictive (home to strongest pro-AI markets) and BRICS AI-specific regulation being drafted. Government is adding AI-specific rules in the IT Act and a new forthcoming Digital India Act. | Data and computing | Case and modern governance Digital Personal India Act | Regional (within Asian continent ) |
| Indonesia | Innovative AI-specific regulation being drafted. Draft AI ethics guidelines released. | Data and computing power | Organizational and case governance Research and Indonesia's AI strategy emphasis on healthcare AI and infrastructure | Within ASEAN guidelines but aligning itself with global AI regulations. Becoming a data regional hub |
| Japan | Restrictive (risk-based) AI-specific regulation under development. AI ethics principles available (i.e. Social Principles for Human-Centric AI). Various AI guidelines released. Leading international efforts through the Hiroshima AI Process (G7) and Hiroshima AI Process Friends Group (OECD). | Data and algorithm Legally binding regulations, export controls of chips | Organizational and case (business and social principles) | National and regional AI technologies are used to boost their economic growth |
| Kazakhstan | No regulation yet but The CIS has approved a draft model law to regulate the use of AI and Ethical Standards and State Regulation | Data and computing | Model governance (training and deployment of AI models) and organization | National AI Development Concept and Infrastructure Plans through governmental actors. Kazakhstan is already taking steps to integrate AI by collecting data from government agencies through Smart Data Ukimet, |
| North Korea | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| South Korea | Innovative Draft AI bill passed to final stage of voting. Various iterations of AI bills had been proposed in the past. Law on 'intelligent robots' available. Privacy law includes amendments around automated decision making systems (including those powered by AI). | Data Federal R&D spending and safe deployment of R&D models | Organizational and model - reliability, transparency and safety. AI industry through corporate self-regulation rather than government regulation. | Regional with ASEAN and national with companies |
| Kyrgyzstan | No regulation yet Digital Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, 2023, comprehensive legal framework that codifies existing digital regulation (such as on personal data) and provides new norms to regulate the development and deployment of various digital technologies, including the regulation of AI. | Data and deployment of technologies | Model governance: emphasis on law for protection of data and CIS recommendation | National |
| Laos | AI ethics and governance guide available but no regulation Innovation-based approach based on ASEAN | Data-driven policy | Case and model governance | Settles down with ASEAN regulation framework |
| Malaysia | Risk-based approach No AI-specific regulation yet. AI ethics framework planned but not yet released. Cyber Security Bill 2024 | Data-driven policy Attracting FDI investors from ASEAN and developing digital economy | Case and organizational governance - developing national AI companies | Bases itself on ASEAN regulation framework |
| Maldives | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Mongolia | | Data-driven | Case and organizational: strategy calls for effective technology-neutral and principles-based regulation and enhancing IP protection. | Bases itself on ASEAN regulation framework |
| Myanmar | Myanmar is developing a Digital Government Masterplan (2023-30) but no regulation | Data-driven Attracting FDI | Case governance (ethics) | Few interregional and intraregional partnerships |
| Nepal | No regulation yet but has released a draft bill designed to manage IT and cyber security. | Data-driven | No much information but more towards model governance | Few interregional and intraregional partnerships |
| Philippines | Draft bills on AI proposed but no regulation More restrictive | Data-driven Increase R&D | Case governance (politics and finance) Comelec is set to come out with guidelines for the use of AI to promote the candidates in the May 2025 National and Local Elections (NLE) and deep fakes | National level Gov. actors: body called the ‘Artificial Intelligence Development Authority’ (AIDA), which would be responsible for, among other things, developing national regulations |
Hey Alix! Thanks so much for the post, it's an amazing recount of all the information about the state of AI regulation, and I appreciate it a lot!
I really want to make an easy-to-use website for people that aren't familiar with AI safety to understand the state of AI regulation (something like the regulation tracker you linked but with another user in mind). Would you mind if I used the information from this post for this? I'll be sure to link everything and give you credits :)
Also, I'd love to be able to meet up to chat about this a bit more!! :) Let me know